Introduction to Business

•What is Business?

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•                           Differentiate the three meanings of business as commerce, occupation and organization and identify the four main kinds of productive resources.

•                           Understand the forces of supply and demand determine fair or market price.

•                           Appreciate how a company’s business model is the source of its competitive advantage and the difference between profit and profitability

•                           Recognize the way specialization and the division of labor through the “invisible had of the market” lead to increasing profit and wealth.

•                           List the reasons why business organizations are created to structure business exchanges and facilitate business commerce.

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Definitions of Business

•     Business has three dimensions of a meaning

-       A commerce

-       An occupation 

-       An organization

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Definitions of Business

•     Business as a commerce is the process that people produce, exchange and trade goods and services

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Definitions of Business

•     Business as an occupation is the acquired set of specialized skills and abilities that allows people to create valuable goods and services

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Definitions of Business

•     Business as an organization is the system of task and authority relationship that coordinates and controls the interactions between people so that they work toward a common goal

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Definitions of Business

•     Business as a system is a combination of business commerce, occupations, and organizations that produces and distributes the goods and services that create value for people in a society

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Factors of Production

•     Regardless of meaning there are four crucial ingredients or productive factors or resources of land, labor, capital and enterprise that are needed to profit from business

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Factors of Production

•     These four productive factors or resources of land, labor, capital and enterprise that are needed to profit from business  and are  limited in supply (scarcity)

•     A company must use them efficiently and effectively to produce goods and services

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Together, the cost of acquiring and using these four resources to make and sell goods and services determines a company’s operating costs

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Owners/managers are the enterprise of the business, while the people are the labor and the capital buys materials, machinery

•     The land may provide a specific location or a URL in cyberspace. The land may provide a specific location or a URL in cyberspace

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     These resources allow for the creation of a product and/or service that customers value a price

•    Chapter 1
 What is Business?

•     The company’s business model not only outlines the plan for these resources but creates a competitive advantage in the value of its product   and  generates profitable sales revenue

•     By reinvesting the profits the business increases its capital and contributes to the wealth of the owners

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     All business activity is self-interested and competitive, and  this competition may benefit people and society when it leads resources to be employed in their most profitable use

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Supply and Demand

•     The forces of supply and demand determine a product’s market price

•     In turn, supply and demand are the result of peoples’ subjective judgment of the value or utility they will receive from supplying or consuming a particular product

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Law of Demand

•     Reflects the usefulness or utility from that product

•     Given the price of a product or service, we generally demand less quantity  of it as the price increases and demand more of it as the prices decreases

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

Law of Supply

•      Sellers  are more willing to supply a product as the price increases and less willing to supply as the price decreases

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     There is no rule of business that says all people need profit from business commerce, nor they will profit equally from the business system

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Some people or companies will always ruthlessly pursue their self-interest and try to cheat and defraud others

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Through the process of specialization and the division of labor, business occupations develop and increase the amount of goods and services people can produce and trade

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Increasing specialization, through the invisible hand of the market, leads to increasing profitability and the generating of more capital and wealth

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Through this “invisible hand” of the market, the interaction of business commerce and occupation determines the standard of living, wealth, and prosperity of people, groups, and society

•      It also determines how profit will be shared between people and groups in a society

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Business organizations are created to reduce transaction costs, the costs that arise from business commerce and from the process of specialization and the division of labor

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Business organizations develop an organizational structure, a set of task and authority relationships, to reduce transaction costs and increase profitability

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     No rules exist that specify how the profit created from business commerce or occupations will be distributed or even who will receive it

•    Chapter 1
What is Business?

•     Your chance of pursuing a profitable occupation that allows you to accumulate capital depends on your ability to take part in the “great game of business”

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Download materi Introduction to Accounting

Financial Accounting Fundamentals

John J. Wild

Third Edition

           

Chapter 01

Introducing Financial Accounting

Conceptual Chapter Objectives

C1: Explain the purpose and importance of
accounting.

C2: Identify users and uses of accounting.

C3: Explain why ethics are crucial to
accounting.

C4: Explain generally accepted accounting  principles and define and apply
several accounting principles.

C5: Appendix 1B – Identify and describe the
three major activities of organizations.

Analytical Chapter Objectives

A1: Define and interpret the accounting
 equation and each of its components.

A2: Compute and interpret return on assets.

A3: Appendix 1A – Explain the relation
 between return and risk.

Procedural Chapter Objectives

P1: Analyze business transactions using the accounting equation.

P2: Identify and prepare basic financial statements and explain how they interrelate.

Importance of Accounting

Accounting Activities

Users of Accounting Information

Users of Accounting Information

Opportunities in Accounting

Accounting Jobs by Area

Ethics—A Key Concept

Guidelines for Ethical Decisions

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

Setting Accounting Principles

Principles and Assumptions          of Accounting

Business Entity Forms

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

   In response to a number of publicized accounting scandals (Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, ImClone), Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (also called SOX) in 2002 to help curb financial abuses at companies that issue their stock to the public. The act requires that public companies apply both accounting oversight and stringent internal controls. The desired results include more transparency, accountability, and truthfulness in reporting transactions.

Accounting Equation

Assets

Liabilities

Equity

Expanded Accounting Equation

Transaction Analysis

   Business activities can be described in terms of transactions and events. External transactions are exchanges of value between two entities, which yield changes in the accounting equation. Internal transactions are exchanges within any entity; they can also affect the accounting equation. Events refer to happenings that affect an entity’s accounting equation and can be reliably measured. Transaction analysis is defined as the process used to analyze transactions and events.

Transaction Analysis

Transaction Analysis

Transaction Analysis

Transaction Analysis

Transaction Analysis

Transaction Analysis

Transaction Analysis

Now, let’s look at transactions involving revenue, expenses and dividends.

Transaction Analysis

Transaction Analysis

Transaction Analysis

Financial Statements

    Let’s prepare the Financial Statements reflecting the transactions we have recorded.

Income Statement

Statement of Retained Earnings

Balance Sheet

Statement of Cash Flows

Return on Assets (ROA)

End of Chapter 01

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